We argue that ancient foragers encountered dense, easily harvestable stands of crop progenitors as they moved along bison trails, and that the ecosystems created by bison and anthropogenic fire served as a template for the later agroecosystem of this region. Our fieldwork has shown that crop progenitors are conspicuous members of plant communities along bison trails and in wallows. Like rivers and humans, bison create early successional habitats for annual forbs and grasses, including the progenitors of eastern North American crops, within tallgrass prairies. Recent reintroductions of bison to tallgrass prairies have allowed ecologists to study the effects of their grazing on this ecosystem for the first time. Contrary to conventional wisdom, recent research has shown that bison were also present in the prairie peninsula throughout the Holocene. But this region is also known as the prairie peninsula: a prairie-woodland mosaic that was maintained by anthropogenic fire starting as early as 6000 BP. Archeological evidence for plant domestication in this region occurs along the Mississippi river and major tributaries such as the Tennessee, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas rivers.
Scholars have argued that plant domestication in eastern North America involved human interactions with floodplain weeds in woodlands that had few other early successional environments. Bradley and Philip Lanum 65 Appendix A 67 Appendix B 73 Contributors 75 The CRIDS System and South Dakota Cultural Resources Management-L.E.
Why are Paleodemography and Paleopathology Important to South Dakota Archaeology?-John B. Prehistoric Native Art in South Dakota: The Writing is on the Wall-Richard G. Approaches to the Analysis of Large Lithic Scatters The Highway 18 Archaeological Project, Southwest South Dakota-James K. Village Sites Off the Missouri River-Robert Alex 39 7. Great Oasis and the Middle Missouri Tradition-Elizabeth R. Some Perspectives on the Woodland Tradition in South Dakota-Larry J. Current Status of Research on the McKean Complex in South Dakota-Alice M. Early Preceramic Cultures in South Dakota-Lawrence E. South Dakota Prehistory-Barbara Lass 1 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction-Larry Zimmerman i 1. That said, the archaeological database has grown substantially and along with it, the list of questions-as usual-has expanded. Much has changed in 35+ years, but many questions remain the same. Authors edited their papers and the editors added a few additional papers. Stewart Papers from the 19 sessions at the Plains Conference address what were then thought of as the key issues and questions faced in South Dakota archaeology.
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